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教师考编高中英语“特殊分词用法归纳”

来源:师大教科文     2019-12-12
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【特殊分词用法归纳】

1. considering “就……而论、照……来看;考虑到”,既可用作介词,又可用作连词。例:

I hear he is more than 70, but he is still very strong, considering his age.

听说他已经 70 多岁了,但从他的年纪来看,他仍然很结实。

Considering(that)he did not study hard, he did well on the test.考虑到他没有用功,他考得还不错。

另:considering 还可用作副词,通常置于句尾,意为“从各方面看”。例:

She seems(to be)very bright, considering.从各方面看,她似乎很聪明。

2. providing / provided “倘若……;在……的条件下”,用作连词,引导条件状语从句,但从句不用虚拟语气。例:

We'll visit Europe next year, provided / providing(that)we have the money.如果我们有这笔钱,我们明年将去欧洲游览。

I shall go provided / providing(that)it does not rain.倘若天不下雨,我就去。

3. supposing / suppose “假如、假定”用作连词,引导条件状语从句,从句可用陈述语气,也可用虚拟语气。例:

Supposing / Suppose(that)the weather were bad, where would you go?假如天气不好,你去什么地方?

Supposing / Suppose(that)she doesn't come, what should we do?假如她不来我们该怎么办?

supposing 可用在一个简单句中,相当于 What would / will happen if … / What does it matter if …例:

Supposing I don't see her.(=What will happen if I don't see her?)假如我见不到她,那该怎么办?

suppose 意为“假定;万一;倘若;不妨;何不”。例:

(Let us)Suppose(that)his statement is right.假定他的陈述是正确的。

4. according to /by “根据…… / 按照……”,用作连词。例:

According to my watch, it's 4 o'clock.按照我表上的时间,现在是4点钟。

You may go or stay, according as you decide.去还是留,由你来决定。

You may / will be praised or blamed according as your work is good or bad.根据工作好坏你将会受到奖惩。

according to 与 according by 的区别在于:

(1)according by 不可与表示人的名词或代词连用; according to 可与表示人的名词或代词连用。

(2)according to 只能表示来自他处的信息,而不能表示来自说话者本身的信息。

例:

According to(不能用 by)my clock, it is 12 o'clock.根据我表上的时间,现在是 12 点。

According to(不能用 by)her (不能用 me), the war broke out in 1923. 根据她所说的,那场战争在 1923 年爆发。



5. compared with/to “将……与……比较”,用作介词。例:

Compared with/to her mother,she is tall.和她母亲比起来,她算很高了。

6. including “包含”,用作介词。例:

I have to prepare food for seven people,including me. 我必须准备包括自己在内 7 个人的食物。

7. owing to “由于……因为……”,用作介词。seeing(that)“由于……;既然……;因为……”,用作连词。例:

Owing to unfavourable weather,I was unable to carry on with it. 由于天气不好,我不能把它进行下去。

Seeting(that)he is ill, he's unlikely to come. 由于生病的缘故,他可能不来了。

8. judging from / by(=to judge by)“由……来判断”,用作介词。例:

Judging from / by what he said, he must be an honest man.由他所说的来判断,他一定是个诚实的人。

Judging from / by his accent, he must be from Guangdong province. 从他的口音来判断,他一定来自广东。

9. regarding(=as regards, in regard to, with regard to)/ respecting(=as respects, in respect to, with respect to)/ concerning(=as concerns)/ relating to 均用作介词,意为“关于,就……而言”,相当于 about, 但比 about 正式。例:

Regarding this point, he is correct.关于这一点,他是对的。

Respecting your salary, we shall come to a decision later. 关于你的工资,我们将在以后做出决定。

Concerning your letter, I am pleased to inform you that your plans are quite acceptable. 关于来信,我很高兴地通知你,我们觉得你的计划是可接受的。

10. given “如果有……,假定……,考虑到……”,既可用作介词,也可用作连词。例:

Given that they are inexperienced, they have done a good job. 考虑到他们经验不足,他们的工作做得还不错。

Given his support,I think we'll win the election.若能获得他的支持,我想我们会赢得这次选举。

11. granted / granting 用作连词,意为“就算……,假定……,纵使……,姑且承认”例:

Granted / Granting you are right, I won't do it. 就算你说的是正确的,我也不打算做那事。

12. assuming / say (用于句首,与 Let's 连用)意为“假定……假使”例:

Assuming / Say ( Let's say ) that war breaks out, what do you do?